Kuenzaniswa neyechinyakare magetsi ekusimudzira mota, anogara magineti mota, kunyanya isingawanzo pasi isingaperi magineti mota, ine chimiro chakareruka uye yakavimbika kushanda.Ivhu diki uye uremu huremu;Kurasikirwa kwakaderera uye kushanda kwepamusoro;Chimiro uye saizi yemota inogona kuchinjika uye yakasiyana.Naizvozvo, huwandu hwekushandisa hwakakura zvakanyanya, dzinenge dzese minda yeaerospace, dziviriro yenyika, maindasitiri nekurima kugadzirwa uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.Iwo makuru maficha uye mashandisirwo eakajairwa akajairika magineti mota anounzwa pazasi.
1. Kuenzaniswa nemajenareta echinyakare, zvisingawanzo pasi pechigarire magineti synchronous jenareta haadi inotsvedza mhete uye bhurasho zvishandiso, ine chimiro chakareruka uye yakaderedzwa yekutadza mwero.Iyo isingawanzo yepasi magineti yekusingaperi inogona zvakare kuwedzera iyo mhepo gap remagineti density, kuwedzera mota kumhanya kusvika kune yakaringana kukosha uye kugadzirisa iyo simba-kune-misa chiyero.Majenareta epasi asingagumi emaginereta angangoita ese anoshandiswa mune yemazuva ano kubhururuka uye majenareta emuchadenga.Zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinokwana 150 kVA 14-pole 12 000 r/min ~ 21 000 r/min uye 100 kVA 60 000 r/min zvisingawanzo pasi cobalt zvachose magineti synchronous jenareta anogadzirwa neGeneral Electric Company of America.Yekutanga isingawanzo ginereta yepasi yemagineti yakagadziridzwa muChina ndeye 3 kW 20 000 r/min inogara magineta jenareta.
Permanent magineta jenareta anoshandiswawo seanobatsira exciters kune hombe turbo-jenareta.Mumakore ekuma1980, China yakabudirira kugadzira ginereta yakakura kwazvo pasi rose isingasviki pasi rose ine simba re40 kVA～160 kVA, uye yakashongedzerwa ne200 MW ~ 600 MW turbo-generator, izvo zvakavandudza zvakanyanya kuvimbika kwekushanda kwechiteshi chemagetsi.
Parizvino, majenareta madiki anofambiswa neinjini dzinopisa mukati, maginereta echigarire emotokari, uye majenareta madiki emhepo emagetsi emhepo anofambiswa zvakananga nemavhiri emhepo ari kufarirwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
2. Yakakwirira-inoshanda inogara magineti synchronous mota Inofananidzwa neiyo induction mota, yekusingaperi magineti synchronous mota haidi reactive excitation ikozvino, iyo inogona zvakanyanya kuvandudza simba chinhu (kusvika 1 kana kunyange capacitive), kuderedza stator ikozvino uye stator kuramba kurasikirwa, uye hapana rotor mhangura kurasikirwa panguva yakagadzikana kushanda, nokudaro kuderedza feni (diki diki mota inogona kutobvisa fan) uye inoenderana nemhepo friction kurasikirwa.Kuenzaniswa nemota induction yeiyo imwe dhizaini, kugona kwayo kunogona kuwedzerwa ne2 ~ 8 muzana mapoinzi.Uyezve, iyo inogara magineti synchronous mota inogona kuchengetedza kushanda kwepamusoro uye simba chinhu muyero yakayerwa kuremerwa kwe25% ~ 120%, izvo zvinoita kuti simba rekuchengetedza simba riwedzere kushamisa kana uchimhanya pasi pemutoro wakareruka.Kazhinji, rudzi urwu rwemotokari inoshongedzerwa nekutanga mhepo pa rotor, iyo inokwanisa kutanga zvakananga pane imwe frequency uye voltage.Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa muminda yemafuta, machira uye makemikari fiber maindasitiri, ceramic uye magirazi maindasitiri, mafeni nemapombi ane nguva refu yegore yekushanda, nezvimwe.
Iyo NdFeB inogara magineti synchronous mota ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye yakakwirira yekutanga torque yakazvimiririra yakagadziridzwa nenyika yedu inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko re "hombe-inodhonzwa ngoro" muoiri application.Iyo yekutanga torque i50% ~ 100% yakakura kupfuura iyo induction mota, inogona kutsiva induction mota ine hombe base nhamba, uye chiyero chekuchengetedza simba chingangoita makumi maviri%.
Muindasitiri yemachira, nguva yekuremerwa yeinertia yakakura, inoda yakakwira traction torque.Dhizaini inonzwisisika yeasina-mutoro inodonhedza coefficient, salient pole ratio, rotor kuramba, kusingaperi magineti saizi uye stator inotenderera inotenderera yeanogara magineti synchronous mota inogona kuvandudza kuita kwekuita kwechigarire magineti mota uye kusimudzira kushanda kwayo mumaindasitiri matsva emachira nemakemikari fiber.
Iwo mafeni nemapombi anoshandiswa muzviteshi zvemagetsi zvakakura, migodhi, peturu, makemikari uye mamwe maindasitiri ndeanoshandisa magetsi makuru, asi kushanda nesimba uye simba remagetsi anoshandiswa parizvino akaderera.Kushandisa NdFeB magineti echigarire hakungonatsiridza kushanda nesimba uye simba chinhu, chengetedza simba, asi zvakare ine brashi isina chimiro, inovandudza kuvimbika kwekushanda.Parizvino, 1 120kW yechigarire magineti synchronous mota ndiyo ine simba kwazvo pasi rose asynchronous kutanga yakakwirira-inoshanda isingawanzo pasi isingaperi magineti mota.Kushanda kwayo kwakakwira kupfuura 96.5% (iyo yakafanana dhizaini inoshanda i95%), uye simba rayo 0.94, iyo inogona kutsiva yakajairika mota ne1 ~ 2 magetsi mamakisi akakura kupfuura iyo.
3. AC servo inogara magineti mota uye brushless DC inogara magineti mota ikozvino zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya shandisa variable frequency magetsi ekupa uye AC mota kugadzira AC yekumhanyisa control system pane DC mota yekumhanyisa control system.Muma AC motors, kumhanya kwechigarire magineti synchronous mota inochengetedza hukama hwenguva dzose neiyo frequency yemagetsi ekupa panguva yakagadzikana yekushanda, kuitira kuti igone kushandiswa zvakananga mukuvhurika-loop inosiyana frequency frequency control system.Iyi mhando yemota inowanzotangwa nekuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kweiyo frequency ye frequency converter.Hazvina kudikanwa kuseta kutanga mhepo pane rotor, uye brashi uye commutator inosiiwa, saka kuchengetedza kuri nyore.
Self-synchronous inogara magineti mota inoumbwa neanogara magineti synchronous mota inofambiswa ne frequency converter uye yakavharwa-loop control system yerotor chinzvimbo, iyo isingangove neyakanakisa yekumhanyisa kudzora kuita kwemagetsi inonakidza DC mota, asi zvakare inoona brushless.Inonyanya kushandiswa muzviitiko zvine hutongi hwepamusoro huroyi uye kuvimbika, senge ndege, aerospace, CNC muchina maturusi, machining nzvimbo, marobhoti, mota dzemagetsi, komputa peripherals, nezvimwe.
Parizvino, iyo NdFeB yekusingaperi magineti synchronous mota uye dhiraivha system ine yakakura kumhanya siyana uye Gao Heng simba rekumhanya reshiyo yakagadziridzwa, ine chiyero chekumhanya che1: 22 500 uye yekumhanya yekumhanya ye9 000 r/min.Hunhu hwepamusoro-soro, kuzununguka kudiki, ruzha rwakaderera uye yakakwira torque density yeanogara magineti mota ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka mota mumotokari dzemagetsi, maturusi emuchina uye zvimwe zvekutyaira.
Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu, zvinodiwa zvemidziyo yemumba zviri kuramba zvichikwira.Semuyenzaniso, mhepo yemhepo yemumba haingori mutengi mukuru wesimba chete, asiwo ndiyo huru sosi yeruzha.Mafambiro ayo ekusimudzira ndeye kushandisa chisingaperi magineti brushless DC mota ine stepless kumhanya mutemo.Inogona kugadzirisa otomatiki kune kumhanya kwakakodzera zvinoenderana nekuchinja kwekamuri tembiricha uye kumhanya kwenguva yakareba, kuderedza ruzha uye kudedera, kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe kugadzikana, uye kuchengetedza 1/3 yemagetsi kana ichienzaniswa nemhepo inofefetera pasina kukurumidza kudzora.Mamwe mafiriji, michina yekuwachisa, vaunganidzi veguruva, mafeni, nezvimwe zviri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuita brushless DC motors.
4. Permanent magineti DC mota DC mota inotora inogara magineti excitation, iyo isingango chengetedza yakanaka yekumhanyisa dhizaini maitiro uye hunhu hwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi eDC mota, asi zvakare ine hunhu hwechimiro chakareruka uye tekinoroji, vhoriyamu diki, yakaderera mhangura kushandiswa, yakakwirira. kunyatsoshanda, etc. nekuti excitation winding uye excitation kurasikirwa kunosiiwa.Naizvozvo, magineti echigarire emagetsi eDC anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kubva kumidziyo yemumba, inotakurika zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, maturusi emagetsi kune chaiyo kumhanya uye chinzvimbo chekufambisa masisitimu anoda kuita kwakanaka kwesimba.Pakati pema micro DC motors ari pasi pe50W, magineti echigarire anotora 92%, nepo ayo ari pasi pegumi W anodarika 99%.
Parizvino, indasitiri yemotokari yeChina iri kusimukira nekukurumidza, uye indasitiri yemotokari ndiyo inonyanya kushandisa magineti echigarire, zvinova zvinhu zvakakosha zvemotokari.Mumotokari yemhando yepamusoro-soro, mune anopfuura makumi manomwe emagetsi ane zvinangwa zvakasiyana, mazhinji acho ari akaderera-voltage anogara magineti DC micromotors.Kana NdFeB magineti echigarire uye magiya epuraneti achishandiswa mumatanho emota uye midhudhudhu, mhando yeanotanga mota anogona kudzikiswa nehafu.
Kukamurwa kwePermanent Magnet Motors
Kune marudzi akawanda emagineti echigarire.Zvinoenderana nebasa remota, inogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: yekusingaperi magineta jenareta uye inogara magineti mota.
Anogara magineti mota anogona kukamurwa kuita magineti echigarire DC mota uye anogara magineti AC mota.Iyo inogara magineti AC mota inoreva iyo yakawanda-chikamu synchronous mota ine inogara magineti rotor, saka inowanzonzi inogara magineti synchronous mota (PMSM).
Permanent magineti DC motors inogona kupatsanurwa kuita magineti echigarire brushless DC mota uye magineti echigarire brushless DC mota (BLDCM) kana akaiswa mumapoka zvichienderana nekuti kune emagetsi switch kana macommutators.
Mazuva ano, dzidziso uye tekinoroji yemagetsi emagetsi emazuva ano ari kusimukira zvakanyanya munyika.Nekuuya kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, akadai seMOSFET, IGBT uye MCT, zvigadziriso zvekutonga zvakave neshanduko dzakakosha.Kubva F. Blaceke akaisa pamberi musimboti wevector control ye AC mota muna 1971, kuvandudzwa kwevector control tekinoroji kwatanga nguva itsva ye AC servo drive control, uye akasiyana-siyana epamusoro-performance microprocessors ave achisundidzirwa kunze, zvichiwedzera kukurumidza kusimudzira. ye AC servo system pachinzvimbo cheDC servo system.Iyo isingadzivisike maitiro kuti AC-I servo system inotsiva DC servo system.Nekudaro, magineti echigarire synchronous mota (PMSM) ine sinusoidal kumashure emf uye brushless DC mota (BLIX ~) ine trapezoidal kumashure emf zvirokwazvo ichave iyo huru yekugadzira yepamusoro-inoshanda AC servo system nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakanaka.