Brushless DC uye stepper motors inogona kuwana kutariswa kwakawanda kupfuura yekare brushed DC mota, asi iyo yekupedzisira inogona kunge ichiri sarudzo iri nani mune mamwe maapplication.

Vazhinji vagadziri vanotarisa kusarudza diki DC mota - diki- kana fractional-horsepower unit, kazhinji - kazhinji vanotarisa pekutanga pane mbiri sarudzo: iyo brushless DC (BLDC) mota kana stepper mota.Ndeipi yekusarudza yakavakirwa pachishandiso, sezvo BDLC inowanzova nani yekuenderera ichifamba uku iyo stepper mota iri nani yekumisikidza, kumashure-uye-kumberi, uye kumisa / kutanga kufamba.Imwe neimwe mhando yemota inogona kuendesa iyo inodiwa kuita neiyo chaiyo controller, inogona kunge iri IC kana module zvichienderana nesaizi yemota uye zvakanangana.Aya mamotor anogona kufambiswa ne "smarts" akaiswa mune yakatsaurirwa inofamba-control ICs kana processor ine embedded firmware.

Asi tarisa zvishoma pane zvinopihwa nevatengesi veaya maBLDC motors, uye uchaona ivo vanenge vachigara vachipa brashi DC (BDC) motors, anga aripo "nekusingaperi."Iyi mota gadziriro ine nzvimbo yakareba uye yakasimbiswa munhoroondo yemagetsi anofambiswa nemagetsi, sezvo yaive yekutanga kugadzirwa kwemagetsi mota yemhando ipi zvayo.Makumi emamiriyoni eaya mabhurashi mota anoshandiswa gore rega rega kune zvakakomba, zvisiri-zvidiki zvekushandisa senge mota.

Yekutanga crude versions dze brushed motors dzakagadzirwa mukutanga 1800s asi simba kunyangwe diki raibatsira mota yaive yakaoma.Majenareta aidiwa kuashandisa akanga asati agadzirwa, uye mabhatiri aiwanika akanga ane simba shoma, saizi huru, uye aitofanira “kuwedzerwazve” neimwe nzira.Pakupedzisira, izvi zvinetso zvakakurirwa.Pakazosvika makore ekuma1800, mota dzeDC dzakaputirwa dzinobva mumakumi nemazana emasimba ebhiza dzakaiswa uye mukunyanya kushandiswa;akawanda achiri kushandiswa nhasi.

Iyo yakakosha brushed DC mota haidi "magetsi" kuti ishande, sezvo iri mudziyo unozvifambisa wega.Nheyo yekushanda iri nyore, inova imwe yezvakanaka zvayo.Iyo brushed DC mota inoshandisa mechanic commutation kushandura polarity ye rotor's magnetic field (inonziwo armature) inopesana ne stator.Kusiyana neizvi, iyo stator's magnetic field inogadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi coils (munhoroondo) kana azvino, ane simba magineti echigarire (kune akawanda emazuva ano mashandisirwo) (Mufananidzo 1).

Kudyidzana uye kudzokorora kudzokororwa kwesimba remagineti pakati pemakoiri e rotor pane armature uye yakagadzika ndima ye stator inoita kuti irambe ichitenderera kufamba.Chiito chekuchinja chinodzosera kumashure munda we rotor chinoitwa kuburikidza neanobata kumeso (anonzi mabhurashi), anobata nekuunza simba kumakoiri ezvombo.Kutenderera kwemota hakungope chete yaidiwa mekiniki kufamba asiwo shanduko ye rotor coil polarity inodiwa kukurudzira kukwezva / kudzoreredza zvine chekuita neyakagadziriswa stator ndima - zvakare, hapana magetsi anodiwa, sezvo iyo DC inopihwa inoiswa yakananga kune iyo stator coil windings (kana iripo) uye mabhurashi.

Basic kumhanya kudzora kunoitwa nekugadzirisa magetsi akaiswa, asi izvi zvinonongedza kune imwe yekukanganisa kweiyo brashi mota: yakaderera voltage inoderedza kumhanya (chaive chinangwa) uye inoderedza zvinoshamisa torque, iyo inowanzova isingadiwe mhedzisiro.Kushandisa bhurashi mota inofambiswa yakananga kubva kuDC njanji kazhinji inogamuchirwa mune mashoma kana asina-akakosha maapplication akadai sekushandisa matoyi madiki uye animated anoratidza, kunyanya kana kumhanya kudzora kuchidikanwa.

Kusiyana neizvi, iyo brushless mota ine mutsara wemagetsi emagetsi coils (mapango) akaiswa munzvimbo yakatenderedza mukati meimba, uye yakakwirira-yakasimba magineti anogara akasungirirwa kune inotenderera shaft (iyo rotor) (Mufananidzo 2).Sezvo matanda achisimbiswa mukutevedzana nemagetsi ekugadzirisa (electronic commutation - EC), magnetic field inopoteredza rotor inotenderera uye saka inokwezva / inodzinga rotor nemagineti ayo akagadziriswa, iyo inomanikidzwa kutevera munda.

Ikozvino kutyaira BLDC mota mapango anogona kunge ari square wave, asi izvo hazvina basa uye zvinokonzeresa kuzunguzika, saka akawanda madhizaini anoshandisa ramping waveform ine chimiro chakagadzirirwa musanganiswa unodiwa wekushanda kwemagetsi uye kufamba chaiko.Kupfuurirazve, iyo controller inogona kukwenenzvera iyo inosimbisa waveform yekukurumidza asi yakatsetseka inotanga uye inomira pasina overshoot uye crisp mhinduro kune mechanic mutoro unotenderera.Akasiyana ekudzora maprofile uye trajectories aripo anofananidza mota chinzvimbo uye velocity kune zvinodiwa zvechishandiso.

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