DC mota mota dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa mukushandisa kwakasiyana.

Kazhinji, mamotor aya anoiswa mumidziyo inoda imwe nzira yekutenderera kana inofamba-inogadzira kutonga.Yakananga yazvino mota zvinhu zvakakosha mumapurojekiti mazhinji einjiniya emagetsi.Kuve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kweDC mota mashandiro uye mota yekumhanyisa regulation inogonesa mainjiniya kugadzira maapplication anowana kunyatso fambisa kufamba.

Ichi chinyorwa chichanyatso tarisa mhando dzeDC motors dziripo, maitiro avo ekushanda, uye maitiro ekuwana kukurumidza kutonga.

Chii chinonzi DC Motors?

KudaAC mota, DC mota dzinoshandurawo simba remagetsi kuita magetsi emagetsi.Kushanda kwavo ndiko kuseri kwejenareta reDC rinogadzira magetsi.Kusiyana neAC motors, DC mota dzinoshanda paDC simba-kwete-sinusoidal, unidirectional simba.

Basic Construction

Kunyangwe mota dzeDC dzakagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, ese ane anotevera zvikamu zvakakosha:

• Rotor (chikamu chemuchina unotenderera; inozivikanwawo se "armature")
• Stator (iyo munda windings, kana "yakamira" chikamu chemota)
• Commutator (inogona kubhurwa kana brushless, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemota)
• Magineti emumunda (inopa iyo magineti inoshandura axle yakabatana kune rotor)

Mukuita, DC mota dzinoshanda zvichibva pakudyidzana pakati pemagineti minda inogadzirwa neinotenderera armature uye iyo ye stator kana yakagadziriswa chikamu.

A sensorless DC brushless mota controller.Mufananidzo wakashandiswa neruremekedzo rweKenzi Mudge.

Operating Principle

DC motors dzinoshanda paFaraday's principle of electromagnetism iyo inotaura kuti inotakura-inotakura conductor inosangana nesimba kana yaiswa mune remagineti.Maererano ne "Left-hand rule for electric motors," kufamba kweiyi conductor kunogara kune imwe nzira perpendicular kune ikozvino uye magnetic field.

Masvomhu, tinogona kutaura simba iri seF = BIL (apo F isimba, B ndiyo magineti, ndinomiririra ikozvino, uye L ndiyo kureba kwekondukita).

Mhando dzeDC Motors

DC motors inowira mumapoka akasiyana, zvichienderana nekuvakwa kwavo.Mhando dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzinosanganisira brushed kana brushless, zvachose magineti, akatevedzana, uye parallel.

Brushed uye Brushless Motors

A brushed DC motainoshandisa peya yegraphite kana kabhoni mabhurashi ayo ari ekuitisa kana kuendesa ikozvino kubva kune armature.Aya mabhurashi anowanzo chengetwa ari padyo neanoenda.Mamwe mabasa anobatsira emabhurashi mu dc motors anosanganisira kuve nechokwadi chekushanda pasina kupenya, kudzora mafambiro ezvazvino panguva yekutenderera, uye kuchengetedza commutator yakachena.

Brushless DC motahaina kabhoni kana graphite mabhurashi.Anowanzo aine imwe kana anopfuura magineti echigarire anotenderera achitenderedza armature yakagadziriswa.Panzvimbo yemabhurashi, brushless DC mota dzinoshandisa maseketi emagetsi kudzora kwainotenderera nekumhanya.

Permanent Magnet Motors

Magineti echigarire anosanganisira rotor yakakomberedzwa nemagineti maviri anopokana asingagumi.Magineti anopa magnetic field flux kana dc yapfuura, izvo zvinoita kuti rotor itenderere munzira yewachi kana kuti inopesana newachi, zvichienderana ne polarity.Kubatsira kukuru kwerudzi urwu rwemota ndeyekuti inokwanisa kushanda nekumhanyisa kumhanya neanogara frequency, ichibvumira yakaringana yekumhanyisa kudzora.

Series-ronda DC Motors

Series motors vane stator yavo (kazhinji yakagadzirwa nemhangura mbariro) windings uye munda windings (coils coils) akabatana munhevedzano.Nekuda kweizvozvo, the armature current uye field currents zvakaenzana.Yakakwira ikozvino inoyerera yakananga kubva kune inopihwa ichipinda mumunda mamhepo ayo akakora uye mashoma pane ari mushunt motors.Ukobvu hwemamhepo emunda hunowedzera huwandu hwekutakura mutoro wemota uye zvakare inoburitsa ane simba remagineti anopa akateedzana DC motors torque yakakwira kwazvo.

Shunt DC Motors

Iyo shunt DC mota ine armature yayo uye munda mahwindi akabatana mukufanana.Nekuda kwekubatana kwakafanana, ese ari maviri mamhepo anogashira iwo akafanana ekupa voltage, kunyangwe iwo ari kufara zvakasiyana.Shunt mota dzinowanzova nekutendeuka kwakawanda pamhepo kupfuura dzakateedzana mota dzinogadzira masimba ane simba remagineti panguva yekushanda.Shunt motors inogona kuve neyakanyanya kumhanya kudzora, kunyangwe ine mitoro yakasiyana.Nekudaro, ivo vanowanzo shaya iyo yepamusoro yekutanga torque yemateedzana motors.

A mota uye kumhanya kudzora wedunhu yakaiswa mune mini drill.Mufananidzo wakashandiswa neruremekedzo rweDilshan R. Jayakody

DC Motor Speed ​​​​Kudzora

Pane nzira nhatu huru dzekuwana kukurumidza kudzora mune dzakateedzana DC motors-flux control, voltage control, uye armature kuramba kudzora.

1. Flux Control Method

Mune iyo flux control nzira, rheostat (rudzi rwekuchinjisa resistor) yakabatana munhevedzano nemunda mahwindi.Chinangwa chechikamu ichi ndechekuwedzera nhevedzano kuramba mumahwindi ayo anozodzikisa flux, zvichibva zvawedzera kumhanya kwemota.

2. Voltage Regulation Method

Iyo yakasiyana-siyana yemitemo nzira inowanzo shandiswa mushunt dc motors.Pane, zvakare, nzira mbiri dzekuwana voltage regulation control:

• Kubatanidza shunt munda kune yakagadziriswa inonakidza voltage paunenge uchipa iyo armature ine akasiyana ma voltages (aka akawanda voltage control)
• Kusiyanisa magetsi anopihwa kune armature (aka iyo Ward Leonard nzira)

3. Armature Resistance Control Method

Iyo armature resistance control yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuti kumhanya kwemota kwakanangana neiyo kumashure EMF.Saka, kana magetsi ekupa uye kupikisa kwezvombo zvakachengetwa pamutengo unogara uripo, kumhanya kwemota kuchave kwakanangana neiyo armature ikozvino.